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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

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Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
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Depression: Overview01:18

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Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
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Long-term Depression01:03

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

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Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Related Experiment Video

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Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes
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Th17 cells in depression.

Eléonore Beurel1, Jeffrey A Lowell2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, United States.

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
|August 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

T helper 17 (Th17) cells are increasingly linked to depression and central nervous system (CNS) diseases. While their role is unclear, Th17 cells may drive neuroinflammation and neuronal damage in depression.

Keywords:
CD4DepressionIL-17ATh17 cells

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • T helper 17 (Th17) cells and their cytokine interleukin-17A (IL-17A) are implicated in central nervous system (CNS) diseases.
  • Th17 cells are increasingly recognized for their role in depression, though the exact mechanisms remain elusive.
  • While Th17 cells increase in depression, correlations with IL-17A levels are inconsistent, suggesting non-IL-17-dependent pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role and mechanisms of Th17 cells in depression.
  • To explore potential sources of Th17 cells in the CNS relevant to depression.
  • To evaluate Th17 cells as a potential therapeutic target for depression.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews existing literature on Th17 cells, IL-17A, and their involvement in CNS diseases and depression.
  • It discusses potential mechanisms, including neuroinflammation and glial cell activation (microglia, astrocytes).
  • It considers the gut microbiome's influence on Th17 cell regulation and potential migration to the CNS.

Main Results:

  • Th17 cells are implicated in various CNS diseases, with IL-17A often mediating detrimental effects.
  • In depression, Th17 cells increase, but IL-17A levels do not consistently correlate with symptom severity.
  • Th17 cells may contribute to depression through neuroinflammation and activation of microglia and astrocytes, potentially leading to neuronal damage.

Conclusions:

  • The precise mechanisms by which Th17 cells influence depression are not fully understood.
  • The gut microbiome may be a significant source regulating CNS Th17 cells in depression.
  • Th17 cells represent a potential novel therapeutic target for depression, warranting further investigation.