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Alpha subunit in clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas: An immunohistochemical study.

Michael Solarski1, Fabio Rotondo2, Luis V Syro3

  • 1Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada.

Pathology, Research and Practice
|August 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Pituitary adenomas can abnormally secrete alpha-subunit, a glycoprotein. Detecting alpha-subunit in non-functioning pituitary adenomas may indicate slower tumor growth and less extension.

Keywords:
Glycoprotein hormonesPituitaryPituitary hormonesPituitary tumorsα-Subunit

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Pituitary adenomas are tumors of the pituitary gland, classified as functioning or non-functioning based on hormone secretion.
  • Glycoprotein hormones (TSH, FSH, LH) consist of identical alpha-subunits and unique beta-subunits.
  • Abnormal alpha-subunit secretion by pituitary adenomas has been observed, detectable via serum or immunohistochemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression of alpha-subunit in surgically removed non-functioning pituitary adenomas.
  • To evaluate the prognostic significance of alpha-subunit immunoexpression in these tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemical analysis of alpha-subunit expression in non-functioning pituitary adenomas.
  • Correlation of alpha-subunit expression with clinical data, including age, gender, tumor extension, and proliferation markers (Ki67).

Main Results:

  • Alpha-subunit expression is a common finding in clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas.
  • No significant age or gender differences were observed between tumors with and without alpha-subunit expression.
  • Adenomas lacking alpha-subunit expression were more frequently associated with suprasellar extension and higher Ki67 proliferation (>3%).

Conclusions:

  • Immunohistochemical detection of alpha-subunit in non-functioning pituitary adenomas is not rare and may serve as a prognostic marker.
  • The presence of alpha-subunit may correlate with less aggressive tumor behavior, indicated by reduced suprasellar extension and lower proliferation.
  • Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the role of alpha-subunit in the pathogenesis and behavior of pituitary adenomas.