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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

4.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Isolation and Quantification of Epstein-Barr Virus from the P3HR1 Cell Line
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Epstein-Barr virus: a master epigenetic manipulator.

Rona S Scott1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, and Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, United States.

Current Opinion in Virology
|August 7, 2017
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Summary

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) establishes lifelong infections through a biphasic lifecycle. EBV manipulates host epigenetics, causing oncogenic phenotypes seen in EBV-associated cancers.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epigenetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) establishes lifelong infections via a biphasic lifecycle involving latency and reactivation.
  • Memory B cells are the primary reservoir for EBV latency, where viral gene expression is silenced.
  • Reactivation leads to viral replication and spread, utilizing host epigenetic machinery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how EBV utilizes host epigenetic machinery for its lifecycle.
  • To understand how EBV-induced epigenetic alterations contribute to oncogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of viral lifecycle stages (latency and lytic replication).
  • Investigation of host epigenetic regulation of viral gene expression.
  • Examination of EBV's impact on host epigenome and cellular phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • EBV employs host epigenetics to control distinct viral gene expression states.
  • Epigenetic reprogramming by EBV leads to long-lasting, oncogenic cellular phenotypes.
  • Virally-induced epigenetic alterations are observable in EBV-associated cancers.

Conclusions:

  • EBV's lifecycle is intrinsically linked to host epigenetic regulation.
  • EBV-mediated epigenetic changes are critical drivers of EBV-associated cancers.
  • Targeting EBV-induced epigenetic alterations may offer therapeutic strategies for associated malignancies.