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Related Experiment Video

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Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
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Biomarkers for cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

Lorraine V Kalia1

  • 1Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
|August 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers are identifying biomarkers for cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). These biomarkers aim to diagnose and predict cognitive decline and dementia in PD patients.

Keywords:
BiomarkerCSFDementiaMRIMild cognitive impairmentNeuropathologyPETParkinson

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Cognitive dysfunction is a common and severe non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD).
  • Clinicopathological studies are uncovering the brain changes associated with cognitive impairment in PD.
  • This knowledge is driving the search for biomarkers to aid in diagnosis and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review candidate biomarkers for cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  • To understand the neuropathological basis for developing these biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • A literature review was conducted using PubMed.
  • Search terms included "biomarker", "parkinson", and "dementia".
  • Articles published between 1997 and June 2017 were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Biomarker development focuses on proteinopathy, neurodegeneration (gray and white matter), neurotransmitter deficiencies (dopamine, acetylcholine), and brain connectivity.
  • Efforts aim to reflect the presence and severity of these underlying pathologies.
  • Candidate biomarkers target abnormal protein aggregation and neuronal loss.

Conclusions:

  • A single biomarker is unlikely to capture the complexity of cognitive impairment in PD.
  • Combined biomarkers and predictive algorithms are expected to be crucial for diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Further development and validation of multi-modal biomarkers are anticipated.