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The Blood-brain Barrier00:49

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Osmotic Minipump Implantation for Increasing Glucose Concentration in Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid
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Sesamol: a Treatment for Diabetes-Associated Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction.

Reyna L VanGilder1, Jason D Huber1

  • 1School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, 5706 Medical Center Dr, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.

Postdoc Journal : a Journal of Postdoctoral Research and Postdoctoral Affairs
|August 8, 2017
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Summary

Diabetes can harm the brain

Keywords:
BBB dysfunctionblood-brain barriercognitiondepressiondiabetesparoxetinesesamol

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition.
  • Diabetes can lead to secondary microvascular complications.
  • Emerging evidence links diabetes to cerebrovasculature and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, affecting cognition and mood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of BBB dysfunction in diabetes.
  • To examine natural compounds and therapies for treating diabetic BBB dysfunction.
  • To explore sesamol and paroxetine as potential treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of evidence for sesamol's antioxidant and BBB-protective effects.
  • Examination of paroxetine's efficacy in diabetic neuropathic pain and shared chemical properties with sesamol.

Main Results:

  • Preclinical data suggest sesamol may protect against diabetic BBB dysfunction.
  • Paroxetine demonstrates clinical benefit for diabetic neuropathic pain.
  • Sesamol and paroxetine share a methylenedioxy moiety, suggesting potential therapeutic overlap.

Conclusions:

  • Cerebrovascular and BBB dysfunction is a treatable complication of diabetes.
  • Natural compounds like sesamol warrant further investigation for diabetic brain complications.
  • Therapies such as paroxetine may offer benefits for diabetes-related neurological issues.