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Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals

Qualitative Analysis

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...

Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia

Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia

Alkynes can be reduced to trans-alkenes using sodium or lithium in liquid ammonia. The reaction, known as dissolving metal reduction, proceeds with an anti addition of hydrogen across the carbon–carbon triple bond to form the trans product. Since ammonia exists as a gas (bp = −33°C) at room temperature, the reaction is carried out at low temperatures using a mixture of dry ice (sublimes at −78°C) and acetone.
When dissolved in liquid ammonia, an alkali metal, such as sodium,...

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Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites

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Processable and Moldable Sodium-Metal Anodes.

Aoxuan Wang^1,2, Xianfei Hu¹, Haoqing Tang¹

¹Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|August 8, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new sodium metal anode using reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) for improved sodium-ion battery performance. This composite anode offers enhanced stability and reduced dendrite formation, advancing battery technology.

Keywords:

molding reduced graphene oxide sodium metal anodes sodium-ion batteries solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Sodium-ion batteries offer a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries but face development challenges.
A key obstacle is the lack of a suitable sodium metal reference electrode due to processing difficulties.
Current sodium metal anodes are prone to deformation and lack mechanical stability.

Purpose of the Study:

To engineer a processable and moldable composite sodium metal anode.
To enhance the mechanical properties and electrochemical stability of sodium metal anodes.
To investigate the performance of the composite anode in sodium-ion battery applications.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a composite sodium metal anode using sodium and reduced graphene oxide (r-GO).
Characterization of the composite anode's mechanical properties (hardness, strength) and corrosion resistance.
Electrochemical testing, including plating/stripping cycling in various electrolytes and full cell assembly.

Main Results:

The composite anode with 4.5% r-GO exhibited improved hardness, strength, and corrosion stability compared to pure sodium metal.
The composite anode demonstrated significantly extended plating/stripping cycling life with reduced dendrite formation in ether and carbonate electrolytes.
The composite anode was successfully integrated into Na-O2 and Na-Na3V2(PO4)3 full cells.

Conclusions:

The r-GO composite anode provides a stable, processable, and moldable alternative to pure sodium metal.
This advancement addresses critical challenges in sodium metal anode development for sodium-ion batteries.
The composite anode shows great potential for improving the performance and commercial viability of sodium-ion batteries.