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Prospective memory in youth with perinatally-acquired HIV infection

Lynnette L Harris1, Miriam C Chernoff2, Sharon L Nichols3

  • 1a Department of Pediatrics , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.

Child Neuropsychology : a Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence
|August 8, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Youth with perinatal HIV infection (PHIV) may experience prospective memory (PM) deficits, particularly those with a history of AIDS-defining conditions. These impairments can impact daily living skills and health behaviors during the transition to adulthood.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatric HIV Research
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Youth with perinatal HIV infection (PHIV) face increased neurocognitive impairment (NCI) risks.
  • Prospective memory (PM) deficits are linked to poorer daily functioning and medication adherence in adults with HIV.
  • The impact of PM deficits on youth with PHIV requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the presence and extent of prospective memory (PM) deficits in youth with perinatal HIV infection (PHIV).
  • To compare PM performance between youth with PHIV (with and without prior AIDS-defining conditions) and HIV-exposed but uninfected (PHEU) youth.
  • To examine the relationship between global neurocognitive impairment (NCI) and PM deficits in youth with PHIV.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 173 youth with PHIV and 85 PHEU youth (mean age 14.1 years) participated.
  • Participants completed the Naturalistic Event-Based Prospective Memory Test (NEPT) and the Prospective Memory Assessment for Children & Youth (PROMACY).
  • Adjusted generalized estimating equation models compared PM scores across groups, including those defined by HIV status, prior AIDS-defining conditions (CDC Class C), and global NCI.

Main Results:

  • Youth with PHIV and a history of AIDS-defining conditions (PHIV/C) showed significantly lower NEPT scores (40% decrease) compared to PHEU youth.
  • Youth with PHIV and neurocognitive impairment (PHIV/NCI) exhibited lower PROMACY (11-32% decrease) and NEPT (33% decrease) scores compared to PHIV/non-NCI youth.
  • PHIV/NCI youth also demonstrated significantly lower scores on both PM assessments compared to PHEU youth.

Conclusions:

  • A subset of youth with PHIV, specifically those with a prior AIDS-defining diagnosis, is vulnerable to prospective memory deficits.
  • These PM deficits may affect the development and maintenance of independent living and health-related behaviors in transitioning youth.
  • Further research is needed to understand the long-term impact of PM deficits on the health and daily functioning of youth with PHIV.

Keywords:
adolescentschildrenexecutive functioningperinatal HIVprospective memory

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