Drug Products: Biologics, Biosimilars and Interchangeables
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence
Dosage Regimen: Individualization
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
Cross-reactivity
Diversity of Antigen Receptors
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Heterogeneity Mapping of Protein Expression in Tumors using Quantitative Immunofluorescence
Published on: October 25, 2011
1Emeritus Professor, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham B15 2TT.
Recombinant biologics can be immunogenic due to structural differences from human proteins. Optimizing oligosaccharide structures in therapeutic proteins is crucial for efficacy and safety.
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