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Abnormal circulating amino acid profiles in multiple metabolic disorders.

Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle1, Ying Li1, Liyan Liu1

  • 1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150081, People's Republic of China.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
|August 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Circulating amino acid profiles reveal significant alterations in obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Valine, isoleucine, glutamic acid, and proline increased, while glycine decreased across these metabolic disorders.

Keywords:
Amino acidsMeta-analysisMetabolic syndromeMetabolomicsObesityType 2 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Biochemistry
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are complex conditions with significant health implications.
  • Altered circulating amino acid (AA) profiles are increasingly recognized as potential biomarkers and contributors to metabolic dysfunction.
  • Understanding these biochemical changes is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare circulating amino acid (AA) profiles in individuals with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and metabolic syndrome (MetS).
  • To identify specific AA that are consistently altered across these related metabolic disorders.
  • To leverage a meta-analysis to strengthen the findings from a case-control study.

Main Methods:

  • Serum AA levels were quantified in 200 participants across healthy, obese, T2D, and MetS groups using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem quadruple mass spectrometry (UPLC-TQ-MS).
  • A comprehensive meta-analysis was performed, incorporating data from 47 case-control studies (including the current study) up to October 2016.
  • Statistical analyses were conducted to identify significant differences in AA concentrations between groups.

Main Results:

  • Across all non-healthy groups (obesity, T2D, MetS), 14 circulating amino acids (AA) showed significant alterations compared to healthy controls (10 increased, 4 decreased).
  • Specific AA, including valine, glutamic acid, proline, and isoleucine, were found to be significantly elevated in obese, T2D, and MetS individuals compared to controls.
  • Glycine levels were significantly decreased in all three metabolic disorder groups compared to healthy individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity demonstrated the most pronounced changes in circulating amino acid (AA) profiles, followed by metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
  • Consistent alterations in specific AA, namely increased valine, isoleucine, glutamic acid, and proline, and decreased glycine, were observed across all evaluated metabolic disorders.
  • These findings highlight the role of specific amino acids in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases and suggest their potential as biomarkers.