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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

Memory-phenotype CD4⁺ T cells spontaneously generated under steady-state conditions exert innate T_H1-like effector

Takeshi Kawabe^1,2, Dragana Jankovic², Shuko Kawabe³

¹Cytokine Biology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. takeshi.kawabe@nih.gov asher@niaid.nih.gov rgermain@niaid.nih.gov.

Science Immunology

|August 8, 2017

Summary

Pathogen-independent memory-phenotype (MP) CD4+ T cells are generated from naive cells without infection. These MP cells provide innate immunity by producing interferon-gamma, enhancing host defense.

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Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cellular Biology

Background:

CD4+ T cells include naive, pathogen-specific memory, and pathogen-independent memory-phenotype (MP) cells.
Mechanisms regulating MP cell generation and function are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the homeostatic mechanisms and biological functions of MP cells.
To elucidate the generation and immune role of MP cells.

Main Methods:

Studied MP cell generation from peripheral naive cells in vitro.
Analyzed MP cell subpopulations and their cytokine production.
Assessed MP cell function in a mouse model of *Toxoplasma gondii* infection.

Main Results:

MP cells are autonomously generated from naive CD4+ T cells independently of infectious stimulation, requiring T cell receptor (TCR) and CD28 signaling.
A T-bet(hi) subpopulation of MP cells is continuously generated, driven by interleukin-12 (IL-12), and rapidly produces interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) upon IL-12 stimulation.
These MP cells confer nonspecific resistance against *Toxoplasma gondii* and augment adaptive CD4+ T cell responses.

Conclusions:

MP cells are continuously generated from naive precursors in a homeostatic manner.
MP cells possess a novel innate immune function, providing early T helper 1 (T_H1)-like protection against pathogens.
MP cells bridge innate and adaptive immunity, offering broad host defense capabilities.