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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
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The Nitrogen Cycle01:49

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Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
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Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs01:15

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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
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2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

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Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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The Equilibrium Constant03:10

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Consider the oxidation of sulfur dioxide:
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Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Lab-Scale Model to Evaluate Odor and Gas Concentrations Emitted by Deep Bedded Pack Manure
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Nitrous Oxide Emitted from Soil Receiving Anaerobically Digested Solid Cattle Manure.

Ben W Thomas, Xiying Hao

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    Biogas residue application increases soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in semiarid regions. Liquid biogas residues pose a higher N2O emission risk compared to solid fractions and undigested manure.

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    Area of Science:

    • Agricultural Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Soil Science

    Background:

    • Limited data exists on nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes and emission factors (EFs) from biogas residues in semiarid agriculture.
    • Understanding N2O emissions is crucial for mitigating greenhouse gas impacts from manure management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify soil N2O fluxes, EFs, and yield-scaled N2O emissions from different beef cattle manure amendments in a semiarid climate.
    • To compare the N2O emission potential of anaerobically digested solid beef cattle manure (digestate), separated solids, and undigested cattle manure.

    Main Methods:

    • A four-year field experiment was conducted using barley forage.
    • Soil N2O fluxes were measured using vented static chambers after applying amendments at one and two times the recommended rates.
    • Calculated cumulative N2O emissions, N2O emission factors, and yield-scaled N2O emissions.

    Main Results:

    • The majority of N2O flux (80-95%) occurred within 36 days of amendment application.
    • Cumulative N2O emissions were 4.7 and 4.1 times higher for digestate compared to separated solids and cattle manure, respectively.
    • Yield-scaled N2O emissions were significantly higher for digestate, while N2O EF based on applied mineral N was similar across amendments.

    Conclusions:

    • Liquid biogas residues present a greater risk for N2O emissions in semiarid regions compared to separated solids and undigested manure.
    • Amendment type significantly influences N2O emissions, highlighting the need for tailored management strategies.
    • Further research is needed to optimize biogas residue application for reduced greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture.