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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Author Spotlight: A Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery with Multimodal Analgesia and Sevoflurane Inhalation Anesthesia
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Anesthesia for Intestinal Transplantation.

Christine Nguyen-Buckley1, Melissa Wong2

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 757 Westwood Plaza, Suite 3304, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Anesthesiology Clinics
|August 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Irreversible intestinal failure significantly impacts patient health and quality of life. Intestinal transplantation offers a treatment option, but requires multidisciplinary evaluation and faces challenges like graft failure.

Keywords:
AnesthesiaIntestinal failureIntestinal transplantMultivisceral transplant

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Surgical Sciences

Background:

  • Irreversible intestinal failure leads to severe health issues, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality.
  • Intestinal transplantation is a potential treatment for irreversible intestinal failure.
  • Candidates require comprehensive evaluation due to systemic manifestations of intestinal failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding and management of irreversible intestinal failure.
  • To highlight the role and complexities of intestinal transplantation.
  • To identify key challenges and outcomes associated with intestinal transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on intestinal failure and transplantation.
  • Analysis of multidisciplinary evaluation protocols for transplant candidates.
  • Examination of surgical complexities and postoperative complications.

Main Results:

  • Intestinal transplantation, including various visceral components, is a viable option for select patients.
  • Multidisciplinary evaluation is crucial for managing systemic manifestations in candidates.
  • While survival rates are improving, graft failure remains a primary postoperative concern.

Conclusions:

  • Intestinal transplantation is a complex procedure demanding specialized care.
  • Ongoing research and improved surgical techniques are enhancing patient and graft survival.
  • Addressing graft failure is critical for long-term transplant success.