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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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[PRECLINICAL RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS].

Ofir Elalouf1, Ori Elkayam1

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center.

Harefuah
|August 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) detection is key. Autoantibodies and inflammatory markers appear years before symptoms, indicating a preclinical RA phase for timely intervention and better outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) impacts approximately 1% of the population, causing joint inflammation and damage.
  • Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are effective in managing RA, with earlier treatment yielding better results.
  • Research indicates a preclinical phase of RA exists before clinical symptoms manifest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the significance of the preclinical phase in rheumatoid arthritis.
  • To understand the role of early biological markers in RA development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies on preclinical rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Analysis of biological markers, including autoantibodies and inflammatory markers, present before clinical synovitis.

Main Results:

  • Autoantibodies like rheumatoid factor and antibodies to citrullinated proteins are abundant in preclinical RA.
  • These markers, along with genetic and environmental factors, contribute to the autoimmune process.
  • The preclinical period precedes the onset of clinical synovitis.

Conclusions:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis development is a multi-factorial autoimmune process.
  • Identifying individuals in the preclinical phase allows for earlier intervention.
  • Early treatment in preclinical RA is crucial for improved patient outcomes.