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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
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IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

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When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0%...
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IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

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Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single...
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Spectrophotometry: Introduction01:16

Spectrophotometry: Introduction

10.3K
Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
The essential components of a spectrophotometer include a source of electromagnetic radiation, a slot for placing a material to be analyzed, and a...
10.3K
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

4.0K
The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Proton Transfer and Protein Conformation Dynamics in Photosensitive Proteins by Time-resolved Step-scan Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy
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System spectrum conversion from white light interferogram.

Risto Montonen, Anton Nolvi, Stanislav Tereschenko

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Simulating the coherence function in interference microscopy is crucial for reducing signal sidelobes. A new modulation function accurately corrects spectral differences caused by spatial coherence, improving image quality.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Metrology
    • Interference Microscopy
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Accurate simulation of the coherence function is vital for optimizing interference microscopes and minimizing signal sidelobes.
    • The effective spectrum in interference microscopy is influenced by spatial coherence effects, preventing direct derivation from the light source spectrum.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the necessity of a modulation function for accurate coherence function simulation in interference microscopy.
    • To validate a method for simulating sample-specific coherence functions to enhance image quality.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparing true system spectra (spectrometer) with effective system spectra (Fourier analysis of interference data).
    • Developing and applying a modulation function to account for scattering-induced spatial coherence dampening.
    • Verifying the modulation function's validity using arithmetic mean roughness measurements of standard samples.

    Main Results:

    • A significant difference was observed between the true and effective system spectra, highlighting the impact of spatial coherence.
    • The proposed modulation function successfully corrected the spectral discrepancies.
    • The method accurately quantified surface roughness, confirming the modulation function's validity.

    Conclusions:

    • A spectral transfer function for scattering enables simulation of sample-specific coherence functions.
    • This approach promises to significantly improve the quality of interference microscope images.
    • The developed modulation function is essential for accurate coherence modeling in interference microscopy.