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Updated: Aug 12, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupoint Massage for Treating Constipation in a Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Published on: August 18, 2023
Pharmacotherapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Abstract:
The pharmacologic treatment of the reversible elements of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is discussed in this article. Discussion focuses on three classes of bronchodilator drugs--the sympathomimetic agents, the methylxanthines, and the anticholinergic agents. A section on corticosteroid use in patients with chronic airflow limitation is included. An integrated approach to pharmacotherapy is suggested that allows a treatment program to be designed to meet the needs of the individual patient.
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