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Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...

Light Acquisition

Light Acquisition

In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.

Cell Signaling in Plants

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...

Tonicity in Plants

Tonicity in Plants

Plant cells maintain appropriate osmotic balance in extreme conditions. For instance, plants in dry environments store water in vacuoles, limit the opening of their stoma, and have thick, waxy cuticles to prevent unnecessary water loss. Some species of plants that live in salty environments store salt in their roots. As a result, water osmosis occurs in the root from the surrounding soil.
Tonicity
Tonicity describes the capacity of a cell to lose or gain water depending on the solute...

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

A Telemetric, Gravimetric Platform for Real-Time Physiological Phenotyping of Plant–Environment Interactions

A Telemetric, Gravimetric Platform for Real-Time Physiological Phenotyping of Plant–Environment Interactions

Published on: August 5, 2020

Plant Phenomics, From Sensors to Knowledge.

François Tardieu¹, Llorenç Cabrera-Bosquet¹, Tony Pridmore²

¹INRA, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, F34060, Montpellier, France.

Current Biology : CB

|August 9, 2017

Summary

Advancements in plant phenomics, the study of plant traits, are crucial for developing climate-resilient crops. New imaging and sensor technologies enable high-throughput phenomic studies, accelerating crop breeding for global food security.

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Area of Science:

Plant Science
Genomics
Agricultural Science

Background:

Global population growth and climate change necessitate significant improvements in crop yield.
Genomics has advanced plant breeding, but profiling the crop phenome (plant structure and function) remains a bottleneck.
Plant phenomics faces unique challenges due to plants' morphological plasticity compared to animal studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review conceptual and technical challenges in plant phenomics.
To present strategies for multi-scale phenomic studies.
To highlight how technological advancements are enabling high-throughput phenomic analysis.

Main Methods:

Review of conceptual and technical challenges in plant phenomics.
Discussion of multi-scale phenomics strategies.
Description of advancements in imaging, sensor technologies, and data analysis.

Main Results:

High-throughput phenomic studies of roots, shoots, whole plants, and canopies are now feasible.
Phenomic pipelines are emerging to convert image and sensor data into actionable knowledge.
Novel data handling and modeling methods are required for the next stage of phenomic research.

Conclusions:

Innovations in plant phenomics accelerate the selection of sustainable and climate-resilient crops.
These advancements promise to impact plant physiology, breeding, and global food security.
The integration of advanced technologies is transforming plant science and agriculture.