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Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Investigating the Three-dimensional Flow Separation Induced by a Model Vocal Fold Polyp
Published on: February 3, 2014
Experimental investigation of flow over two-dimensional multiple hill models
Qing'an Li1, Takao Maeda1, Yasunari Kamada1
1Division of Mechanical Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
This study examined Atmospheric Boundary Layer flow over hills using wind tunnel tests. Findings reveal wind acceleration downstream of hills and circulation zones with low turbulence, aiding wind farm site selection.
Area of Science:
- Fluid Dynamics
- Meteorology
- Renewable Energy Engineering
Background:
- Understanding Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) flow over complex terrain is crucial for wind energy.
- Previous studies often simplify terrain, limiting applicability to real-world wind farm siting.
- Neutral atmospheric conditions are a fundamental baseline for ABL research.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate flow field characteristics in 2D models of hills and valleys under neutral ABL conditions.
- Analyze mean wind velocity, velocity vectors, and turbulence intensity.
- Provide data to improve wind energy distribution assessments for wind farm siting.
Main Methods:
- Utilized wind tunnel experiments with active turbulence grids and a boundary layer generation frame.
- Simulated natural wind conditions representative of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer.
- Employed Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) for detailed flow field measurements.
Main Results:
- Observed increased average velocity on the upstream slope of hills, followed by flow separation at the crest.
- Identified an acceleration region (U/Uref > 1) downstream of the hills.
- Detected a large clockwise circulation flow between hills, characterized by low turbulence intensity.
- Found higher turbulence intensity in the mainstream direction compared to the vertical direction in the 1H model.
Conclusions:
- The study elucidates wind flow patterns and turbulence characteristics over multiple hills.
- Results highlight the impact of terrain topography on wind energy potential.
- This research offers valuable insights for optimizing wind farm placement in complex terrains.
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