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Preplaced aggregate concrete is ideal for construction environments that are not easily accessible. The process begins by properly wetting the gap-graded coarse aggregates to remove the dirt, then placing it in the form and compacting it. Voids are filled with a mortar mix pumped under pressure through slotted pipes. This mortar typically consists of Portland cement, pozzolan, fine aggregates, water, and a fluidizing aid. The pozzolan helps reduce bleeding and segregation while improving the...
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Flowable Backfill Materials from Bottom Ash for Underground Pipeline.

Kyung-Joong Lee1, Seong-Kyum Kim2, Kwan-Ho Lee3

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This study explored recycling incineration bottom ash in controlled low strength materials (CLSM). Optimized CLSM mixtures demonstrated excellent flowability and strength, with reduced deflection compared to sand backfill.

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Area of Science:

  • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Waste Management

Background:

  • Incineration bottom ash (IBA) presents a disposal challenge and an opportunity for resource recovery.
  • Controlled low strength materials (CLSM) offer versatile applications in civil engineering, particularly as backfill.
  • Recycling IBA into CLSM can mitigate waste issues and reduce reliance on virgin materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between strength and strain in CLSM incorporating recycled IBA.
  • To determine optimal mix designs for CLSM using IBA and recycled in-situ soil.
  • To evaluate the performance of IBA-based CLSM under backfilling conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory testing of CLSM mixtures with varying proportions of IBA, in-situ soil, fly ash, and crumb rubber.
  • Determination of optimum mixing ratios based on flowability and unconfined compressive strength.
  • Small-scale chamber tests to measure vertical and horizontal deflections during backfilling.

Main Results:

  • Optimal mix ratios identified: 25%-45% in-situ soil, 30% bottom ash, 10%-20% fly ash, 0%-3% crumb rubber, 3% cement, 22% water.
  • All mixtures met standard specifications (≥20 cm flowability, ≥127 kPa unconfined compressive strength).
  • Measured secant modulus (E50) ranged from 0.07-0.08 qu; internal friction angle and cohesion were 36.5°-46.6° and 49.1-180 kPa.
  • CLSM exhibited significantly lower vertical (0.88-2.41 mm) and horizontal (0.83-3.72 mm) deflections compared to sand backfill.

Conclusions:

  • Recycled IBA can be effectively utilized in manufacturing CLSM that meets stringent engineering specifications.
  • The developed CLSM mixtures demonstrate superior performance in terms of strength, modulus, and reduced deflection.
  • This study highlights a sustainable approach for waste valorization in civil infrastructure projects.