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Widely tunable 1060-nm VCSEL with high-contrast grating mirror.

Kun Li, Chris Chase, Pengfei Qiao

    Optics Express
    |August 10, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed tunable Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) using high-contrast gratings for 1060 nm emission. These lasers offer wide tuning ranges and fast speeds, making them ideal for SS-OCT and LiDAR.

    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Semiconductor Lasers

    Background:

    • Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) are crucial for various optical applications.
    • Achieving wide tuning ranges and high-speed operation in single-mode VCSELs remains a challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report tunable VCSELs emitting around 1060 nm utilizing high-contrast gratings (HCGs).
    • To demonstrate single-mode continuous-wave (CW) operation with high output power and low threshold current.
    • To achieve wide, fast tuning ranges for advanced applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of VCSELs incorporating high-contrast grating (HCG) mirrors.
    • Demonstration of single-mode CW operation up to 110 °C.
    • Implementation of electrostatic and thermal tuning mechanisms.

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  • Development of transverse-mode control designs for HCGs.

    • Main Results:

    • Single-mode CW operation achieved up to 110 °C with output power >1.3 mW at room temperature.
    • Low threshold current of ~300 µA and thermal resistance of 0.88 °C/mW.
    • Wide, continuous tuning range of 40 nm achieved at a fast tuning speed of 1.15 MHz.
    • Improved single-mode yield in oxidized VCSELs through HCG transverse-mode control.

    Conclusions:

    • Tunable VCSELs with HCGs offer excellent performance characteristics, including high power, low threshold, and wide, fast tuning.
    • The developed VCSELs are cost-effective and suitable for wafer-scale fabrication.
    • These VCSELs show significant promise as tunable light sources for swept-source optical coherent tomography (SS-OCT) and LiDAR.