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Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Finite Element Modelling of a Cellular Electric Microenvironment
Published on: May 18, 2021
Efficient finite element resolution of gyromagnetic and gyroelectric nonreciprocal electromagnetic problems
Abstract:
We present a rigorous derivation of the weak-form formulation of the Helmholtz equation for electromagnetic structures incorporating general nonreciprocal, dispersive materials such as magnetized ferrites or magnetized free-carrier plasmas. This formulation allows an efficient self-consistent treatment using finite elements of a variety of problems involving magnetic or magneto-optical materials biased by an external DC field where the eigenmodes become nonreciprocal or even unidirectional. The possibilities of this method are illustrated with several examples of TE-polarized modes at microwave frequencies and TM-polarized modes at optical and infrared wavelengths.
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