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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Acousto-Optics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) are crucial for beam steering.
    • Controlling refractive index modulation is key for efficient deflection.
    • Gaussian beam propagation in complex gratings requires advanced analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze Gaussian beam propagation in a 2D acousto-optic deflector.
    • To investigate the effect of phased array piezoelectric transducers on refractive index modulation.
    • To optimize the deflector's performance for maximum diffraction efficiency.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing phased array piezoelectric transducers to create 2D inhomogeneous phase gratings.
    • Implementing second-order coupled mode theory for Gaussian beam diffraction analysis.
    • Varying acoustic frequency and transducer phase shifts to meet Bragg conditions.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved 2D index modulation with periodic and sinc function profiles.
    • Demonstrated beam steering by modifying the incident angle without physical movement.
    • Found near-unity diffraction efficiency under optimal operating conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed 2D acousto-optic deflector offers precise beam steering capabilities.
    • The analysis confirms the effectiveness of coupled mode theory for such devices.
    • High diffraction efficiency suggests practical applications in optical systems.