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Updated: Feb 25, 2026

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Foundry fabricated photonic integrated circuit optical phase lock loop.

Katarzyna Bałakier, Martyn J Fice, Lalitha Ponnampalam

    Optics Express
    |August 10, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study presents the first indium phosphide photonic integrated circuit (PIC) for heterodyne optical phase locked loops (OPLLs). The integrated OPLL achieves ultra-low phase noise, demonstrating advanced photonic integration capabilities.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Integrated Optics
    • Semiconductor Lasers

    Background:

    • Heterodyne optical phase locked loops (OPLLs) are crucial for generating high-purity optical signals.
    • Monolithic integration of OPLLs offers potential for miniaturization and improved performance.
    • Indium phosphide (InP) is a key material for photonic integrated circuits (PICs).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the first foundry-based InP photonic integrated circuit (PIC) for a heterodyne optical phase locked loop (OPLL).
    • To achieve phase-locking of a semiconductor laser diode to a reference laser with tunable frequency offset.
    • To evaluate the phase noise performance of the monolithically integrated OPLL system.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed and fabricated a foundry-based InP PIC with 33 integrated active and passive components.

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  • Implemented a heterodyne OPLL system combining the InP PIC with external RF components.
  • Phase-locked a single-line semiconductor laser diode to a reference laser with frequency offsets from 4 GHz to 12 GHz.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully demonstrated phase-locking and frequency stabilization of the integrated laser.
    • Generated an absolute frequency, high-purity heterodyne signal.
    • Achieved a phase noise level below -100 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset, the lowest for monolithically integrated OPLLs.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed foundry-based InP PIC is capable of realizing high-performance heterodyne OPLLs.
    • This work validates the potential of generic foundry fabrication models for complex PICs.
    • The demonstrated low phase noise performance opens avenues for advanced optical signal generation.