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The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method
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Spawning a ring of exceptional points from a metamaterial.

Ming Kang, Weiren Zhu, Hui-Tian Wang

    Optics Express
    |August 10, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers generated a ring of exceptional points (EPs) in metamaterials by tuning losses. This discovery offers new ways to control optical properties through engineered dissipation and radiation.

    Area of Science:

    • * Physics, Metamaterials, Optics

    Background:

    • * Exceptional points (EPs) are degeneracies in non-Hermitian systems, leading to unique physical phenomena.
    • * Metamaterials offer a platform to engineer exotic physics, including EPs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To theoretically investigate the generation of an exceptional points ring (EPs-ring) in a non-Hermitian resonant metamaterial.
    • * To explore the influence of dissipation and radiation losses on EP formation.

    Main Methods:

    • * Utilized coupled mode theory fitted to scattering matrix data.
    • * Employed finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations for validation.

    Main Results:

    • * Demonstrated a transition from a single EP to a ring of EPs by varying substrate thickness.

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  • * Observed that each EP in the ring corresponds to maximally asymmetric reflection.
  • * Confirmed excellent agreement between coupled mode theory and FDTD simulations.
  • Conclusions:

    • * Tuning dissipation and radiation losses in metamaterials can controllably generate EPs-rings.
    • * This provides a method to significantly alter the optical properties of metamaterials.