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A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents
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The interaction between stress and positive affect in predicting mortality.

Judith A Okely1, Alexander Weiss2, Catharine R Gale3

  • 1Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

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Positive affect, or experiencing pleasant emotions, is linked to a longer lifespan. This benefit is most significant for individuals facing high levels of psychological stress, supporting the stress-buffering hypothesis.

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Longitudinal studyMortalityPositive emotionsStress and coping measures

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Positive affect is linked to longevity.
  • The stress-buffering hypothesis suggests positive affect mitigates stress's negative health impacts.
  • This study investigates if this protective effect is most pronounced under high stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the stress-buffering hypothesis regarding positive affect and mortality risk.
  • To examine the interaction between positive affect and perceived stress in predicting mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 8542 participants (aged 32-86) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) Epidemiological Follow-up Study (NHEFS).
  • Employed Cox's proportional hazards regression to analyze mortality risk over a 10-year follow-up period.
  • Assessed the main effects and interaction of positive affect and perceived stress.

Main Results:

  • Greater positive affect was associated with reduced mortality risk.
  • A significant interaction was found: the positive affect-mortality association was stronger in individuals with higher perceived stress.
  • A standard deviation increase in positive affect reduced mortality risk by 16% in high-stress individuals (HR=0.84).

Conclusions:

  • Results support the stress-buffering model.
  • The protective association of positive affect with reduced mortality risk is most evident during challenging circumstances.
  • Positive emotions may play a crucial role in health resilience under stress.