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Horizontal mantle flow controls subduction dynamics.

E Ficini1, L Dal Zilio2, C Doglioni3,4

  • 1Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. eleonora.ficini@uniroma1.it.

Scientific Reports
|August 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A horizontal mantle wind influences subduction zone geometry. Opposite mantle flow causes steep subduction and back-arc basins, while concordant flow leads to shallow subduction and overriding plate topography.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Tectonophysics
  • Geodynamics

Background:

  • Subduction is primarily attributed to the negative buoyancy of the downgoing plate.
  • Plate age, a key factor in buoyancy, shows weak correlation with current subduction velocities and slab dips.
  • A directional asymmetry exists, with west-directed subduction zones exhibiting steeper slab dips than east-directed ones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of mantle flow on subduction zone dynamics.
  • To test the hypothesis that an easterly-directed horizontal mantle wind drives subduction asymmetry.
  • To explain the observed variations in slab dip angles and subduction velocities.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution two-dimensional numerical thermomechanical modeling.
  • Simulating oceanic plate subduction interacting with mantle flow.
  • Analyzing slab dip angles, hinge retreat/advance, and overriding plate topography.

Main Results:

  • When subduction polarity opposes mantle flow, slabs dip steeply, and hinges retreat, forming back-arc basins.
  • When mantle flow and subduction polarity are concordant, subduction is shallow, hinges advance, and overriding plate topography is pronounced.
  • These outcomes occur irrespective of the age-dependent negative buoyancy of the subducting plate.

Conclusions:

  • Mantle flow direction is a critical factor controlling subduction zone asymmetry.
  • The models successfully replicate observed features like slab dip variations and back-arc basin formation.
  • This research provides a potential explanation for the common occurrence of subduction asymmetry at Earth's convergent margins.