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High sensitivity guided-mode-resonance optical sensor employing phase detection.

Pankaj K Sahoo1, Swagato Sarkar1, Joby Joseph2

  • 1Photonics Research Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.

Scientific Reports
|August 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

We developed an ultra-sensitive refractive index sensor using guided mode resonance (GMR) and phase detection. This novel method achieves over 100x higher sensitivity than existing GMR sensors, enabling precise RI measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and optical sensing
  • Interferometry
  • Nanophotonics

Background:

  • Guided Mode Resonance (GMR) structures offer label-free sensing capabilities.
  • Refractive Index (RI) sensing is crucial for various applications, including environmental monitoring and diagnostics.
  • Existing GMR sensors often face limitations in sensitivity and detection limits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an ultra-sensitive refractive index sensor.
  • To enhance the sensitivity of GMR-based sensors through phase detection.
  • To demonstrate a novel phase detection method for GMR structures.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of a GMR structure into a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer.
  • Measurement of GMR signal phase via fringe shift analysis.
  • Development of a theoretical model for phase shift prediction.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a sensitivity of 0.608π phase shift per 10-4 RI unit in water.
  • Demonstrated a minimum detectable RI change of 3.43 × 10-7.
  • Phase detection method showed >100x higher sensitivity compared to other GMR phase detection techniques.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed phase detection method significantly outperforms conventional GMR sensors.
  • The developed sensor exhibits ultra-high sensitivity, suitable for detecting RI changes in gaseous media.
  • The theoretical model accurately predicts experimental results, validating the approach.