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Related Concept Videos

Halogenation of Alkenes02:46

Halogenation of Alkenes

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Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
Melatonin congeners like ramelteon (Rozerem) and tasimelteon (Hetlioz) selectively bind to melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and thus mimic the actions of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Tasimelteon is primarily used for non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder, common in blind patients. They are also used to treat conditions like insomnia...
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Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs, such as verapamil and diltiazem, block calcium channels. They primarily affect the heart, slowing the conduction in calcium-dependent tissues like the SA and AV nodes. These drugs manage reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and reduce ventricular rate in atrial flutter/fibrillation.
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene01:15

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Chlorination and bromination are important classes of electrophilic aromatic substitutions, where benzene reacts with chlorine or bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to give halogenated substitution products. A Lewis acid such as aluminium chloride or ferric chloride catalyzes the chlorination, and ferric bromide catalyzes the bromination reactions. During the bromination of alkenes, bromine polarizes and becomes electrophilic. However, in the bromination of benzene, the bromine...
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Direct-acting cholinergic agonists have many therapeutic uses in various medical fields. Choline esters, including acetylcholine, have limited clinical utility due to their non-selectivity and short duration of action. Still, acetylcholine and carbachol are applied topically during ophthalmologic surgery to induce miosis. Pilocarpine, a muscarinic and ganglionic stimulator, effectively treats open-angle glaucoma and alleviates xerostomia and dry mouth caused by radiotherapy or Sjögren...
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Third-generation β-blockers, such as labetalol and carvedilol, represent a significant advancement in managing cardiovascular conditions. Unlike conventional β-blockers, which can induce peripheral vasoconstriction, third-generation drugs block α1 adrenoceptors. This promotes vasodilation through several mechanisms, such as increased nitric oxide production, inhibition of calcium ion entry, opening of potassium ion channels, and antioxidant action. Labetalol, for instance, is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Contractility Measurements of Human Uterine Smooth Muscle to Aid Drug Development
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Contractility Measurements of Human Uterine Smooth Muscle to Aid Drug Development

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VALETHEMATE BROMIDE AND CERVICAL DILATATION.

A D Dwivedi1, G Rai1, S Sharda2

  • 1Classified Specialist (Obstetrics & Gynaecology), Military Hospital, Ambala Cantt.

Medical Journal, Armed Forces India
|August 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Valethemate bromide (Epidosin) effectively shortens the first stage of labor in both primigravidas and multiparas. This study demonstrates its safety and efficacy in uncomplicated labor cases.

Keywords:
Acceleration of labourEffects of Epidosin on labour

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Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis
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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cervical dilatation is crucial for normal labor progression.
  • Cervical dystocia can prolong labor, negatively impacting maternal and fetal well-being.
  • Valethemate bromide (Epidosin) is recognized for its potential to shorten labor duration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of Valethemate bromide (Epidosin) in shortening the first stage of labor.
  • To assess the safety and side effects of Epidosin in patients with uncomplicated labor.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 500 patients with uncomplicated labor (250 primigravidas, 250 multiparas).
  • Administration of Injection Epidosin to assess its effect on the first stage of labor.

Main Results:

  • Epidosin significantly reduced the duration of the first stage of labor in both primigravidas and multiparas.
  • No major side effects were observed during the study.

Conclusions:

  • Valethemate bromide (Epidosin) is an effective and safe medication for shortening the first stage of labor.
  • Epidosin can be safely administered under nursing staff supervision in uncomplicated labor cases.