ACUTE NORMOVOLEMIC HEMODILUTION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE MAJOR SURGERY

Area of Science:

• Anesthesiology
• Surgical Transfusion Medicine

Background:

• Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) is a technique used to manage blood loss during surgery.
• Its optimal technique, safety, and utility in clinical practice require further evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the efficacy, safety, and utility of acute normovolemic hemodilution in patients undergoing elective major surgery.
• To evaluate ANH as an alternative to traditional blood transfusions.

Main Methods:

• Forty adult patients (ASA GD I, Hb >10.0g%) undergoing elective major surgery were included.
• 350-700 ml of autologous blood was collected pre-operatively, replaced with crystalloid (3:1 ratio).
• Intraoperative monitoring included blood loss, hemoglobin levels, vital signs, and urine output; blood was reinfused post-hemostasis.

Main Results:

• All vital parameters remained within normal limits throughout the procedure.
• The technique effectively reduced the need for allogeneic blood transfusions and prevented transfusion-related hazards.
• Excellent patient acceptability was noted, especially for those with uncommon blood groups.

Conclusions:

• Acute normovolemic hemodilution is a simple, safe, and cost-effective method for managing blood loss in major elective surgery.
• It is a valuable alternative to blood transfusion, particularly in resource-limited settings or for patients with rare blood types.
• ANH plays a significant role in peripheral hospitals lacking formal blood bank facilities.