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Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
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Language-driven anticipatory eye movements in virtual reality.

Nicole Eichert1,2, David Peeters3, Peter Hagoort1,4

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Behavior Research Methods
|August 10, 2017
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Summary

People predict upcoming words during language comprehension, even in realistic 3D virtual reality settings. This study confirms predictive language processing using eye-tracking in immersive environments.

Keywords:
EyetrackingLanguage ComprehensionPredictionVirtual RealityVisual World

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Predictive language processing is typically studied using the visual-world paradigm with 2D stimuli.
  • The ecological validity of findings from 2D studies is questionable due to the abstract nature of stimuli.
  • Anticipatory eye movements indicate word prediction during language comprehension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate predictive language processing in a 3D immersive virtual reality environment.
  • To assess the ecological validity of the visual-world paradigm in a more naturalistic setting.
  • To confirm the feasibility of using eye-tracking in 3D virtual environments.

Main Methods:

  • A visual-world paradigm study was conducted in a 3D immersive virtual reality environment.
  • Participants listened to spoken sentences while viewing objects in the virtual environment.
  • Eye movements were tracked to measure anticipatory eye movements.

Main Results:

  • Language-mediated anticipatory eye movements were observed in the 3D virtual reality setting.
  • Findings were consistent despite changes in stimulus materials and presentation mode.
  • Eye-tracking proved feasible in rich, multimodal 3D virtual environments.

Conclusions:

  • People predict upcoming words during language comprehension in naturalistic settings with preserved depth cues.
  • The visual-world paradigm is ecologically valid in 3D immersive environments.
  • Eye-tracking is a viable method for studying language processing in virtual reality.