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Related Concept Videos

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Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
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Discrepancy between self-assessed hearing status and measured audiometric evaluation.

So Young Kim1, Hyung-Jong Kim2, Min-Su Kim3

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.

Plos One
|August 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Self-reported hearing status often mismatches audiometric assessments, with factors like age, education, occupation, TM status, tinnitus, and mental health influencing discrepancies. Understanding these differences is key for managing hearing impairment.

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Self-reported hearing status is a common initial screening tool.
  • Objective hearing assessment via pure-tone audiometry (PTA) provides a clinical measure of hearing impairment.
  • Discrepancies between subjective and objective measures can impact diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the concordance between self-reported hearing and audiometric assessments.
  • To identify factors associated with discrepancies (overestimation and underestimation) between self-reported and objective hearing status.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 19,642 Korean adults from the 2009-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.
  • Classification of hearing based on PTA thresholds and self-reported hearing loss.
  • Multinomial logistic regression used to analyze associations with age, sex, education, occupation, stress, anxiety/depression, tympanic membrane (TM) status, hearing aid use, and tinnitus.

Main Results:

  • 80.1% showed concordance, 7.1% overestimated, and 12.8% underestimated hearing loss.
  • Older age, abnormal TM status, and tinnitus were linked to both overestimation and underestimation.
  • Lower education, unemployment, manual/service work, stress, and anxiety/depression were associated with overestimation.
  • Female gender, higher education, and hearing aid use were associated with underestimation.

Conclusions:

  • Factors like age, education, occupation, TM status, tinnitus, and mental health influence the accuracy of self-reported hearing.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for effectively identifying and managing individuals with hearing impairment.
  • Discrepancies highlight the need for objective audiological evaluation alongside subjective reports.