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Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
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Magnetic flux depends on three factors: the strength of the magnetic field, the area through which the field lines pass, and the field's orientation with respect to the surface area. If any of these quantities vary, a corresponding variation in magnetic flux occurs. If the area through which the magnetic field lines are passing changes, then the magnetic flux also changes. This change in the area can be of two types: the flux through the rectangular loop increases as it moves into the...
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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
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Faraday's law state that the induced emf is the negative change in the magnetic flux per unit of time. Any change in the magnetic field or change in the orientation of the area of the coil with respect to the magnetic field induces a voltage (emf). The magnetic flux measures the number of magnetic field lines through a given surface area. Magnetic flux is estimated from the integral of the dot product of the magnetic field vector and the area vector. The negative sign describes the...
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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Current Induced Heat Generation in Ferromagnet-Quantum Dot-Ferromagnet System.

Lili Zhao1, Qiao Chen2, Yamin Zhang3

  • 1Department of Fundamental Courses, Academy of Armored Force Engineering, Beijing 100072, China. zhaolili219@aliyun.com.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 11, 2017
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Summary

Heat generation in ferromagnet-quantum dot systems differs from normal metal systems due to magnetic lead polarization. Increasing polarization angle reduces heat generation, offering insights for spintronics applications.

Keywords:
ferromagnet terminalsheat generationmetamaterialsnon-equilibrium Green’s functions

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Spintronics
  • Quantum Computing

Background:

  • Ferromagnet-quantum dot-ferromagnet systems are key components in spintronics.
  • Understanding heat generation is crucial for device efficiency and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate heat generation mechanisms in ferromagnet-quantum dot-ferromagnet systems.
  • To analyze the influence of magnetic lead polarization on heat generation.
  • To explore potential applications in spintronics.

Main Methods:

  • Non-equilibrium Green's functions method.
  • Analysis of heat generation versus source-drain bias (Q-eV) curves.
  • Analysis of heat generation versus gate voltage (Q-eVg) curves.

Main Results:

  • Heat generation differs significantly compared to systems with normal metal leads.
  • Heat generation decreases as the polarization angle θ increases from 0 to 0.7π.
  • Heat generation exhibits interesting behavior with increasing polarization angle θ and relative magnetic moment orientation.

Conclusions:

  • The polarization angle of ferromagnetic leads strongly influences heat generation in quantum dot systems.
  • These findings provide theoretical insights for developing new spintronic materials and devices.
  • The study highlights the potential of quantum dot systems in advanced spintronics applications.