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Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage
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Infant Gut Microbiome Associated With Cognitive Development.

Alexander L Carlson1, Kai Xia2, M Andrea Azcarate-Peril3

  • 1Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Biological Psychiatry
|August 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gut bacteria composition in infants is linked to cognitive development. This study found differences in cognitive scores based on gut microbial groups and diversity at one year of age.

Keywords:
BrainCognitionGutInfantMRIMicrobiota

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Neurodevelopmental science
  • Pediatric health

Background:

  • Rodent studies show gut microbes impact neurodevelopment, affecting behavior and cognition.
  • Early life is critical for gut colonization and brain development in humans.
  • The relationship between infant gut microbiota and neurodevelopment is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between infant gut microbial composition at age 1 and cognitive outcomes.
  • To explore the link between gut microbiota and brain volumes in infants.

Main Methods:

  • Collected fecal samples from 89 typically developing 1-year-olds.
  • Utilized 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing to analyze bacterial taxa.
  • Assessed cognitive outcomes with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and brain volumes with MRI at ages 1 and 2.

Main Results:

  • Identified 3 distinct infant gut bacterial composition groups.
  • Cognitive scores at age 2 varied significantly across these bacterial groups.
  • Higher gut microbial diversity correlated with lower scores in overall cognition, visual reception, and expressive language at age 2.
  • Brain imaging revealed minimal impact of the gut microbiome on regional brain volumes.

Conclusions:

  • This study is the first to show a connection between gut microbiota and cognition in human infants.
  • Findings are crucial for translating animal research findings to clinical applications in pediatrics.