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Evolution and development of monocot stomata.

Paula J Rudall1, Elisabeth D Chen, Erin Cullen

  • 1Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK.

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|August 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Monocot stomatal patterns, including anomocytic and paracytic types, reveal evolutionary transitions. Anomocytic stomata are ancestral, while grasses exhibit specialized paracytic-nonoblique forms, crucial for understanding monocot evolution.

Keywords:
leaf developmentleaf shapemonocot phylogenystomatal developmentstomatal evolution

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Area of Science:

  • Plant morphology and evolution
  • Developmental genetics
  • Phylogenetics

Background:

  • Monocot leaves typically display linear venation, but some species have broad leaves.
  • Understanding stomatal patterning and development in monocots is essential for evolutionary studies, especially with advances in phylogenetic and genetic knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update knowledge on monocot stomatal patterning and development.
  • To investigate stomatal character evolution within the phylogenetic context of monocots.

Main Methods:

  • Examined stomatal structure across major monocot clades using a microscope-slide collection.
  • Utilized light and electron microscopy to study stomatal development in 16 species.
  • Analyzed stomatal data within a phylogenetic framework to infer evolutionary trends.

Main Results:

  • Mature stomatal patterns were categorized into anomocytic, paracytic-nonoblique, and paracytic/tetracytic oblique based on subsidiary cell development and arrangement.
  • Stomatal meristemoids consistently arise from asymmetric mitosis; lateral subsidiary cells, when present, are perigene.
  • Broad-leaved monocots showed varied stomatal orientations (linear-axial, transverse, random); amplifying divisions appear absent.

Conclusions:

  • Anomocytic stomata are likely the ancestral state in monocots, with numerous evolutionary changes and reversals.
  • Grasses and other Poales are characterized by paracytic-nonoblique stomata with modified perigene lateral neighbor cells.
  • Japonolirion and Tofieldia, with anomocytic stomata, retain ancestral features vital for understanding monocot character evolution.