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Is behavioural plasticity consistent across different environmental gradients and through time?

David J Mitchell1, Peter A Biro2

  • 1Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia david.mitchell@deakin.edu.au.

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Summary

Individual behavioral plasticity varies, but reaction norms (RNs) for zebrafish are consistent over time for temperature and food responses. This suggests underlying energetic constraints influence behavioral consistency.

Keywords:
animal personalitybehavioural predictabilityendogenous plasticityresidual modelstate-behaviour feedbacktemporal plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Animal behavior
  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Individual variation in behavioral plasticity is known, but its causes and consequences are poorly understood.
  • A key question is whether individuals respond similarly to different environmental variables and if these responses are consistent over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the consistency of individual reaction norms (RNs) across different environmental variables (temperature and food availability) in zebrafish.
  • To determine if RN slopes and intercepts are repeatable over time.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified individual activity rates of zebrafish under independent manipulations of temperature and food availability.
  • Repeated environmental manipulations in discrete sampling bursts over time to assess temporal consistency.

Main Results:

  • Individual responsiveness to temperature did not correlate with responsiveness to food deprivation.
  • Reaction norm slopes were highly consistent over time for temperature (R_slope = 0.92) and moderately consistent for food deprivation (R_slope = 0.4).
  • Mean activity rates (RN intercepts) were also consistent over time (R_intercept = 0.83).

Conclusions:

  • Behavioral reaction norm components demonstrate consistency over time, despite the potential for behavioral lability.
  • Energetic constraints may explain the high consistency of thermal RNs and lower consistency of food deprivation RNs.