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Analysis of inflammatory cytokine and TLR expression levels in Type 2 Diabetes with complications

Saket Gupta1, Ashwini Maratha2, Jakub Siednienko2,3

  • 1Midlands Regional Hospital, Mullingar, Co. Westmeath, Ireland.

Scientific Reports
|August 11, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients show altered inflammatory gene expression, not serum cytokine levels. Immune responses vary based on glycaemic control and complications in T2DM.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Syndrome

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pathogenesis involves impaired glucose metabolism, obesity, cardiovascular issues, and immune dysfunction.
  • Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and inflammatory mediators like IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β are implicated in T2DM.
  • Investigating immune system perturbations in T2DM patients with complications is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if T2DM patients with complications exhibit altered cytokine and TLR expression.
  • To compare inflammatory profiles across different T2DM patient subgroups and non-diabetic controls.

Main Methods:

  • Serum cytokine levels and mRNA expression of cytokines/TLRs in monocytes and neutrophils were analyzed.
  • A cohort of 112 T2DM patients (categorized by glycaemic control and complications) and 34 non-diabetic volunteers were studied.

Main Results:

  • Serum cytokine levels were comparable across all groups.
  • Enhanced cytokine and TLR gene expression was observed in T2DM patients with good glycaemic control (GC) compared to non-diabetic volunteers (NGT).
  • Suppressed cytokine and TLR gene expression were found in patients with poor glycaemic control (PC) and/or complications (GCC, PCC) compared to the GC group.

Conclusions:

  • Serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels remain unchanged in T2DM patients.
  • Distinct inflammatory gene expression profiles exist within T2DM patient subgroups, correlating with glycaemic control and complication status.

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