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Changes in physical performance among high-functioning older adults: a 6-year follow-up study.

P Hämäläinen1,2, J Suni1, M Pasanen1

  • 1UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, P.O. Box 30, 33501 Tampere, Finland.

European Journal of Ageing
|August 11, 2017
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Summary

Physical performance declines with age, with older adults and women experiencing greater deterioration in health-related fitness (HRF) over six years. Poorer baseline fitness predicted lower participation in follow-up assessments.

Keywords:
Follow-upHealth-related fitnessHigh-functioningOlder adultsSelection

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Maintaining physical function is crucial for healthy aging.
  • Longitudinal studies are needed to understand age-related declines in fitness.
  • High-functioning older adults provide a valuable cohort for studying fitness changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine changes in physical performance over a 6-year period in high-functioning older adults.
  • To analyze how baseline fitness influences participation and outcomes in a longitudinal study.
  • To identify demographic factors associated with fitness deterioration.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 1,133 adults (born 1917-1941) completed health-related fitness (HRF) tests in 1996.
  • 606 participants were retested on HRF measures in 2002, including gait speed, stair climbing, and trunk mobility.
  • Statistical analyses examined changes in performance, the impact of age and gender, and factors influencing retesting participation.

Main Results:

  • Poorer baseline fitness was associated with non-participation and exclusions during retesting.
  • Aged participants showed greater performance deterioration than younger participants over 6 years.
  • Women experienced declines in all tested HRF components, while men showed declines in fewer areas.

Conclusions:

  • Older age and female gender are linked to increased deterioration in several HRF components among those completing follow-up.
  • The observed fitness declines likely underestimate the true changes due to participant selection bias.
  • Findings highlight the differential impact of aging on physical performance in high-functioning older adults.