Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Direct and Indirect Culture Methods for Studying Biodegradable Implant Materials In Vitro
Published on: April 15, 2022
Bioactive calcium phosphate-based glasses and ceramics and their biomedical applications: A review
Md Towhidul Islam1, Reda M Felfel1,2, Ensanya A Abou Neel3,4,5
1Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Abstract:
An overview of the formation of calcium phosphate under in vitro environment on the surface of a range of bioactive materials (e.g. from silicate, borate, and phosphate glasses, glass-ceramics, bioceramics to metals) based on recent literature is presented in this review. The mechanism of bone-like calcium phosphate (i.e. hydroxyapatite) formation and the test protocols that are either already in use or currently being investigated for the evaluation of the bioactivity of biomaterials are discussed. This review also highlights the effect of chemical composition and surface charge of materials, types of medium (e.g. simulated body fluid, phosphate-buffered saline and cell culture medium) and test parameters on their bioactivity performance. Finally, a brief summary of the biomedical applications of these newly formed calcium phosphate (either in the form of amorphous or apatite) is presented.
Related Concept Videos
Essential Minerals for Bone Health
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily...
Bone Remodeling
The Bone Matrix
Introduction to Electrolytes
Role of Sodium
One...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

