Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 24, 2026
07:38
Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin
Published on: May 6, 2018
8.9K
Plasma Proenkephalin and Poor Long-Term Outcome in Renal Transplant Recipients
Lyanne M Kieneker1, Oliver Hartmann2, Joachim Struck2
1Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Transplantation Direct
|August 11, 2017
Summary
Proenkephalin (pro-ENK) is linked to kidney function and graft failure risk in renal transplant recipients (RTR). Elevated pro-ENK levels may help identify RTR at higher risk for poor long-term outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Transplantation Immunology
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Proenkephalin (pro-ENK) is a reliable marker for enkephalins, previously linked to acute kidney injury and chronic renal failure.
- Investigating pro-ENK's role in chronic kidney injury and long-term outcomes in renal transplant recipients (RTR) is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the association between plasma pro-ENK levels and chronic kidney injury in RTR.
- To assess the link between pro-ENK and long-term graft failure and mortality in RTR.
Main Methods:
- Plasma pro-ENK levels were measured in 664 stable RTR and 95 healthy kidney donors using a double monoclonal sandwich immunoassay.
- Graft failure was defined as return to dialysis or retransplantation.
- Correlations with estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and associations with graft failure and mortality were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Pro-ENK levels were significantly higher in RTR compared to kidney donors and correlated negatively with GFR in both groups.
- Pro-ENK was strongly associated with an increased risk of graft failure (HR, 4.80) and mortality (HR, 1.50).
- After adjusting for covariates, pro-ENK remained independently associated with graft failure (HR, 2.36), but not all-cause mortality.
Conclusions:
- Plasma pro-ENK correlates with kidney function (GFR) in both RTR and kidney donors.
- Pro-ENK is an independent predictor of graft failure in RTR.
- Pro-ENK may serve as a valuable biomarker for identifying RTR at risk of late graft failure.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Kidney Transplant I: Introduction
562
A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
562
01:26Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure
527
Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
527
01:16Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management
436
Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
436
01:30Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention
370
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
370
01:29Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology
1.3K
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
1.3K
01:25Peritoneal Dialysis II: Peritoneal Dialysis Systems and Complications
1.1K
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...
1.1K