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Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:16

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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach
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Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach

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Variant Abductor Pollicis Longus Muscle: a Case Report.

Paul Shipra1, Das Srijit2

  • 1Maulana Azad Medical College, Department of Anatomy, New Delhi, India. drshipra14@yahoo.com.

Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove)
|August 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

An unusual Abductor pollicis longus (APL) muscle variation was found, originating from the radius and ulna and attaching to the proximal phalanx. This rare anatomical anomaly may impact thumb mechanics and surgical reconstruction.

Keywords:
Abductor pollicis longusAnomalyAttachmentMuscleTendonVariation

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Human Anatomy
  • Surgical Anatomy

Background:

  • The Abductor pollicis longus (APL) muscle displays variations in its attachments.
  • Split insertions of the APL muscle are common in non-human primates like chimpanzees, gorillas, and gibbons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a rare anomalous variation of the Abductor pollicis longus (APL) muscle.
  • To investigate the origin, course, and insertion of this anomalous APL muscle.
  • To discuss the potential biomechanical and clinical implications of this anatomical variation.

Main Methods:

  • Anatomical observation of a cadaveric specimen.
  • Detailed description of the anomalous APL muscle's origin, course, and insertion.
  • Comparative anatomical considerations with existing literature.

Main Results:

  • An anomalous APL muscle originated from the posterior surfaces of the radius and ulna.
  • The muscle traversed deep to the extensor retinaculum.
  • The tendon of the APL muscle reformed into a muscular belly before attaching to the base of the proximal phalanx, a highly unusual finding.

Conclusions:

  • This reported variation of the APL muscle, with an attachment to the proximal phalanx, is a rare anatomical finding.
  • Such anomalies can alter thumb abduction mechanics.
  • Understanding this variation is clinically significant for reconstructive surgeries of the thumb and for anatomical research.