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Zika virus and the eye.

Bruno de Paula Freitas1, Camila V Ventura, Mauricio Maia

  • 1aVision Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo bDepartment of Ophthalmology, Hospital Geral Roberto Santos, Salvador cDepartment of Ophthalmology, Altino Ventura Foundation dDepartment of Ophthalmology, HOPE Eye Hospital, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.

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Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can cause congenital ocular lesions in infants, including macular and optic nerve abnormalities. Ophthalmologists must recognize these vision-threatening findings for proper diagnosis and care.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a significant public health concern.
  • Congenital infections have been linked to severe developmental abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review ocular findings associated with ZIKV.
  • To describe lesion patterns, risk factors, and public health implications.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published studies on ZIKV and ocular findings.
  • Analysis of lesion patterns and associated risk factors.

Main Results:

  • ZIKV is frequently associated with congenital ocular lesions, often with mild maternal symptoms in early pregnancy.
  • Common fundus patterns include macular chorioretinal atrophy, optic nerve abnormalities, and pigmentary changes.
  • Anterior segment involvement and adult ocular complications like conjunctivitis are less common but reported.

Conclusions:

  • Congenital Zika syndrome can present with vision-threatening fundus abnormalities.
  • Early recognition by ophthalmologists is crucial for diagnosis, management, and understanding the full spectrum of ZIKV-related ocular disease.