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Related Concept Videos

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

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Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

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Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

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Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
13.3K
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
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Updated: Feb 24, 2026

The Use of Thermal Infra-Red Imaging to Detect Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness
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Using Skin Gene Markers for Estimating Early Postmortem Interval at Different Temperatures.

Mona Mohamed Ali1, Samah Fathy Ibrahim, Amel Ahmed Fayed

  • 1From the *Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt; and †College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint-Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia.

The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
|August 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Late cornified envelope 1C (LCE1C) mRNA in skin is a reliable marker for estimating postmortem interval (PMI). Its expression decreases over time, regardless of temperature, supporting its use in forensic investigations.

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • RNA persistence in tissues is valuable for estimating postmortem interval (PMI).
  • Skin-specific mRNA markers require validation for forensic casework.
  • Late cornified envelope 1C (LCE1C) is a potential skin-specific mRNA marker.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the persistence and applicability of LCE1C mRNA for PMI estimation.
  • To determine the influence of different temperatures on LCE1C mRNA stability.
  • To assess LCE1C's utility in forensic science.

Main Methods:

  • Collected twelve human skin samples.
  • Stored samples at 24°C and 40°C for 5 days.
  • Quantified LCE1C mRNA expression using real-time PCR.

Main Results:

  • LCE1C mRNA expression decreased in a time-dependent manner.
  • Temperature variations (24°C vs. 40°C) did not significantly affect LCE1C mRNA levels.
  • The observed decrease in LCE1C mRNA suggests its potential as a PMI indicator.

Conclusions:

  • LCE1C mRNA is a promising biomarker for estimating PMI in skin tissues.
  • Environmental temperature does not appear to significantly impact LCE1C mRNA degradation.
  • Forensic investigators should consider environmental conditions when interpreting LCE1C results for PMI estimation.