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Resident interactions at mealtime: an exploratory study.

Leah Curle1, Heather Keller1

  • 1University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada.

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Social interactions among retirement home residents at mealtimes include conversation, assistance, and affection. These interactions are influenced by resident roles, characteristics, and the environment, impacting relationship development and quality of life.

Keywords:
MalnutritionNutritionOlder adultsSocial interaction

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Sociology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Social interaction is crucial for psychological well-being and relationship development in older adults.
  • Older adults residing in facilities often require facilitated social engagement.
  • Understanding mealtime social dynamics is key to enhancing resident life quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe social interactions among tablemates during mealtimes in retirement homes.
  • To identify factors influencing resident-to-resident social interactions.
  • To inform strategies for promoting social engagement and improving quality of life.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative participant observation of 14 lunch periods.
  • Data collected by 2-3 researchers observing 63 individual table interactions.
  • Thematic analysis using a constant comparison procedure.

Main Results:

  • Observed interactions included conversation, assistance, sharing, humor, affection, and exclusion.
  • Interactions were influenced by tablemate roles, resident characteristics, and environmental factors (social and physical, including staff).
  • The type and extent of social interactions significantly impact relationship development and the mealtime environment.

Conclusions:

  • Describing social interactions and their influences is a foundational step for promoting engagement.
  • Enhanced social engagement can significantly improve the quality of life for retirement home residents.
  • Further research, including resident interviews, is needed to deepen understanding of mealtime companionship.