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Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis.

Rebecca Ichord¹

¹Department of Neurology and Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.

Frontiers in Pediatrics

|August 12, 2017

Summary

Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) is a rare pediatric cerebrovascular disorder with varied causes and symptoms by age. Treatment, especially in newborns, remains challenging, with ongoing research into therapies like endovascular treatment.

Keywords:

cerebrovascular disorders childhood neonatal stroke thrombosis

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Neurology
Cerebrovascular Diseases
Thrombosis

Background:

Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) is a rare but severe cerebrovascular condition in children.
Incidence is ~0.6/100,000/year, with 30-50% in newborns.
Causes and symptoms vary significantly with age.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide updated information on risk factors, clinical presentations, and treatment practices for childhood CSVT.
To highlight treatment uncertainties, particularly for neonatal CSVT.
To discuss the emerging role of endovascular therapy.

Main Methods:

Review of recent multicenter cohort studies from North America and Europe.
Analysis of data on risk factors, clinical presentations, and treatment outcomes.
Synthesis of current guidelines and expert opinions on management.

Main Results:

Neonatal CSVT risk factors include acute systemic illness; childhood CSVT is linked to infections or chronic diseases.
Newborns present with seizures/altered mental status; children/adolescents with headache/vomiting/lethargy.
Systemic anticoagulation is common, but practices vary; endovascular therapy is reserved for severe, refractory cases.

Conclusions:

CSVT management in children, especially neonates, presents significant challenges due to hemorrhage risk and long-term morbidity.
Further research is needed to clarify optimal treatment strategies, including endovascular approaches.
Continued research in childhood cerebrovascular disease promises improved understanding and outcomes.