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Related Concept Videos

Hybridoma Technology01:31

Hybridoma Technology

18.0K
Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
Commonly used fusion techniques — electroporation,...
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Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

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Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
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Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
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Monoclonal Antibodies: A Review.

Surjit Singh1, Nitish K Kumar1, Pradeep Dwiwedi1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India.

Current Clinical Pharmacology
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Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have evolved from lab tools to vital human therapies. The development of chimeric, humanized, and fully human MAbs has led to numerous FDA approvals for diverse diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have transitioned from research tools to significant human therapeutics over three decades.
  • The first FDA-approved therapeutic MAb, Muromonab CD3, was for kidney transplant rejection (1986), followed by a surge in approvals starting with Rituximab (1997).
  • As of March 2017, approximately 60 therapeutic MAbs were FDA-approved, with many more in clinical trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the types, molecular targets, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic indications of FDA-approved MAb products.
  • To highlight the expanding therapeutic applications of MAbs across various medical systems.
  • To provide an overview of the current landscape of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of FDA-approved monoclonal antibody products.
  • Analysis of MAb development from murine to fully human forms.
  • Examination of therapeutic indications and market availability.

Main Results:

  • MAbs are approved for treating a wide range of diseases, including cardiovascular, respiratory, hematology, kidney, immunology, and oncology indications.
  • Therapeutic MAbs address both rare (orphan) diseases and common conditions like cancer, multiple sclerosis, breast cancer, asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis.
  • The evolution towards fully human MAbs has enhanced efficacy and safety.

Conclusions:

  • Fully human MAbs have improved treatment outcomes for cardiovascular, cancer, respiratory, hematology, autoimmune diseases, and infections.
  • The introduction of biosimilars is expected to improve MAb affordability and accessibility.
  • Monoclonal antibody therapy represents a rapidly advancing and increasingly important area of modern medicine.