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Genome characterization, antigenicity and pathogenicity of a novel infectious bronchitis virus type isolated from

Lei Jiang1, Wenjun Zhao1, Zongxi Han1

  • 1Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.

Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases
|August 13, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Three novel infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains, GI-29 genotype, were identified in China. These IBV strains represent a new serotype and show high pathogenicity in chickens.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Avian Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Epidemiology

Background:

  • Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide.
  • Continuous evolution and emergence of novel IBV genotypes pose challenges for disease control and vaccine development.
  • Previous studies have documented various IBV genotypes, but novel strains continue to emerge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains circulating in Guangxi province, China.
  • To determine the genetic and antigenic distinctiveness of the newly isolated IBV strains.
  • To investigate the genomic evolution, potential origins, and pathogenicity of the novel IBV genotype.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and identification of IBV strains from suspected cases in chickens.
  • S1 gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to determine genetic relationships.
  • Virus cross-neutralization tests to assess antigenic properties.
  • Complete genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis.
  • Pathogenicity studies in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens.

Main Results:

  • Three IBV strains (γCoV/ck/China/I0111/14, γCoV/ck/China/I0114/14, γCoV/ck/China/I0118/14) were isolated, representing a novel genotype (GI-29).
  • Phylogenetic and cross-neutralization tests confirmed GI-29 as a new genotype and serotype, antigenically distinct from known IBV types.
  • Genomic analysis indicated GI-29 viruses may have originated from GX-YL5-like viruses, with ongoing evolution and potential recombination events, including a 4/91 gene fragment in one isolate.
  • The GI-29 type isolate γCoV/ck/China/I0111/14 demonstrated nephropathogenicity and high pathogenicity in 1-day-old SPF chickens.

Conclusions:

  • The emergence of the novel IBV genotype GI-29 in China highlights the dynamic evolution of IBV.
  • GI-29 represents a new serotype, necessitating updated diagnostic and vaccination strategies.
  • The nephropathogenic and highly pathogenic nature of this strain poses a significant threat to poultry health.
  • Further monitoring of GI-29 evolution and recombination is crucial for effective control of infectious bronchitis.
Keywords:
GI-29 genotypeInfectious bronchitis coronavirusNephropathogenicitySerotype

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