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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

4.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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DNA methylation in CHO cells.

Anna Wippermann1, Thomas Noll1

  • 1Institute of Cell Culture Technology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany; Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.

Journal of Biotechnology
|August 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA methylation is crucial for Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell function in biopharmaceutical production. Further research into DNA methylation patterns can optimize CHO cell engineering for enhanced drug manufacturing.

Keywords:
CHO cellsDNA methylationEpigenetics

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are vital for producing most biopharmaceuticals.
  • The molecular mechanisms underlying CHO cell versatility are not fully understood.
  • DNA methylation is a key epigenetic process influencing cellular functions and diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of DNA methylation in CHO cell phenotype and biopharmaceutical production.
  • To investigate the DNA methylation landscape in CHO cells.
  • To identify potential links between CHO cell metabolism, DNA methylation, and biopharmaceutical output.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on DNA methylation in CHO cells.
  • Analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data.
  • Exploration of correlations between DNA methylation status and gene expression/production stability.

Main Results:

  • Early studies linked DNA methylation to recombinant gene expression and production stability in CHO cells.
  • Recent studies have begun to map the CHO DNA methylation landscape.
  • Changes in DNA methylation in response to culture conditions have been observed.

Conclusions:

  • DNA methylation significantly impacts CHO cell phenotype and biopharmaceutical production.
  • Genome-wide studies are needed to fully elucidate the relevance of DNA methylation.
  • Understanding DNA methylation may lead to novel targets for engineering CHO cell lines for improved biomanufacturing.