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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

In situ Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap: A Rat Model of Myocutaneous Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

In situ Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap: A Rat Model of Myocutaneous Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

Published on: June 8, 2013

Re-raising muscle flaps: A randomised controlled animal study.

K Bradshaw¹, M Wagels¹

¹Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia.

Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery : JPRAS

|August 13, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Re-raising muscle flaps using a split approach significantly reduces flap necrosis compared to a marginal incision. This method also provides wider exposure, offering a better model for human trials in reconstructive surgery.

Keywords:

Lower limb reconstruction Muscle flap necrosis Pedicle injury Re-raising muscle flaps

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Last Updated: Feb 24, 2026

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A Model of Free Tissue Transfer: The Rat Epigastric Free Flap

A Model of Free Tissue Transfer: The Rat Epigastric Free Flap

Published on: January 15, 2017

Area of Science:

Surgical techniques
Tissue reconstruction
Orthopaedic surgery

Background:

Compound lower limb injuries often require orthopaedic revision surgery.
Flap re-raising techniques historically prioritize vascular pedicle protection over flap inset.
A need exists to evaluate different re-raising approaches for flap necrosis risk.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the risk of flap necrosis between marginal and split approaches for re-raising muscle flaps.
To assess the impact of vascular pedicle ligation on flap necrosis in both approaches.
To determine if protecting the flap inset, especially distally, influences outcomes.

Main Methods:

A pedicled pectoralis profundus muscle flap was raised in 32 rats.
Flaps were divided into four groups based on surgical approach (marginal vs. split) and pedicle ligation.
Necrosis was evaluated clinically and via digital photography 48 hours post-procedure.

Main Results:

The split approach resulted in significantly less necrosis (0%) compared to the marginal approach (63%, p < 0.001).
Necrosis was higher in the marginal group, particularly when the pedicle was ligated (p < 0.001).
The split approach allowed for raising 29% more flap (p = 0.001).

Conclusions:

Splitting a muscle flap is superior to incising the inset, yielding less necrosis regardless of pedicle status.
The split approach offers enhanced exposure of underlying structures.
Findings support a proposed algorithm for human trials, highlighting translation requirements.