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Gender differences in infant survival: a secondary data analysis in rural North India

Ranadip Chowdhury1, Sunita Taneja1, Sarmila Mazumder1

  • 1Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi, India.

BMJ Open
|August 13, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Female infants in India face higher mortality risks, particularly after the neonatal period. Targeted interventions are crucial to reduce female infant deaths across all socio-demographic groups.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Demography
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Infant survival rates are a critical indicator of a nation's health.
  • Understanding gender disparities in infant mortality is essential for targeted public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender-based differences in infant survival.
  • To analyze these differences during the first day, first week, neonatal, and post-neonatal periods.
  • To examine the influence of socio-demographic and economic factors on these disparities.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary data analysis from a cluster randomized trial in India.
  • Utilized multiple logistic regression models accounting for cluster design.
  • Included a total of 60,480 infants in the analysis.

Main Results:

  • Overall infant mortality was higher in females (7.2%) compared to males (6.3%).
  • Female infants had significantly higher mortality rates in the post-neonatal period, but not the neonatal period.
  • The odds of death were 1.4 to 1.7 times higher for females in later infancy, irrespective of socio-economic status.

Conclusions:

  • Post-neonatal gender disparities pose a significant threat to female infant survival in India.
  • Public health programs must develop strategies to specifically address and reduce female infant mortality.
  • These findings highlight the need for gender-sensitive health policies and interventions.
Abstract

Keywords:
excess female mortalitygenderpost neonatal periodrural Indiasocio-demographic strata

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