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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Niche01:26

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Vascular niche contribution to age-associated neural stem cell dysfunction.

Deana M Apple1, Erzsebet Kokovay2

  • 1Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Anontio, Texas.

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
|August 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Aging impairs neural stem cells (NSCs) and neurogenesis by altering their vascular niche. Understanding these vascular changes is key to improving brain repair and plasticity in older individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Neural stem cells (NSCs) are crucial for lifelong neurogenesis in specific brain regions.
  • NSCs reside in niches that control their behavior, with vascular networks playing a key regulatory role.
  • Aging leads to NSC dysfunction and depletion, impairing brain repair and neurogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of vascular niche alterations on neural stem cell function during aging.
  • To explore the mechanisms by which vascular changes contribute to reduced neurogenesis and brain repair in aged individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating neural stem cells, the vascular niche, and aging.
  • Synthesis of evidence on structural and functional changes in the aged vascular niche.
  • Analysis of the link between vascular alterations and impaired neurogenesis and brain plasticity.

Main Results:

  • Aging induces structural and functional changes in the vascular niche surrounding neural stem cells.
  • These vascular alterations negatively impact neural stem cell quiescence, activation, and differentiation.
  • Reduced neurogenesis and impaired brain repair are observed in aged individuals, linked to vascular niche dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • The aging vascular niche is a significant contributor to the decline in neurogenesis and brain repair capacity.
  • Targeting vascular niche modifications may offer therapeutic strategies to enhance brain plasticity and recovery in aging.