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Related Concept Videos

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation01:20

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

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Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

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Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
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Size-Exclusion Chromatography01:08

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In size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular-exclusion or gel-permeation chromatography, molecules are separated based on their sizes. This technique is important for separating large molecules such as polymers and biomolecules. The two classes of micron-sized stationary phases encountered in SEC are silica particles and cross-linked polymer resin beads. Both materials are porous, but their pore sizes vary significantly.
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Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
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Centrifugation01:05

Centrifugation

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Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

A Microfluidic Platform for Precision Small-volume Sample Processing and Its Use to Size Separate Biological Particles with an Acoustic Microdevice
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Recent advances in microscale separation.

Yuanyuan Liu1, Weiwei Wang1, Mengqi Jia1

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China.

Electrophoresis
|August 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This review highlights microscale separation technologies, focusing on advancements in column and detection methods for electrophoretic and chromatographic separations. Applications span small molecules, peptides, proteins, and chiral compounds, covering literature from 2013-2017.

Keywords:
Capillary electrochromatographyCapillary electrophoresisCapillary liquid chromatographyMicroscale separation

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Microscale separation technologies are crucial for analyzing complex samples.
  • Electrophoretic and chromatographic techniques are widely used but continually evolving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in microscale separation technologies.
  • To cover new developments in column and detection technologies for separation modes like capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary liquid chromatography (cLC).

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of articles published between 2013 and May 2017.
  • Focus on advancements in column design and detector technologies for microscale separations.
  • Analysis of applications in various fields.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in column and detection technologies for CE, CEC, and cLC.
  • Demonstrated applications for analyzing small molecules, peptides, proteins, polysaccharides, and chiral compounds.
  • Identification of key trends and innovations in the field.

Conclusions:

  • Microscale separation technologies continue to advance rapidly, offering improved performance.
  • New developments enhance the capability to analyze diverse and complex analytes.
  • The field shows sustained innovation with broad applicability.